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Yemek Tarifleri Zeytinyağının Üretimi Nasıl Yapılır? 24 Mart 2019 10:00
Yemeklerimizin lezzetine lezzet katan zeytinyağının üretiminin nasıl olduğunu hiç düşündünüz mü? Eğer düşündüyseniz cevabı aşağıda sizlerle…
Homeros’un “sıvı altın” olarak nitelendirdiği zeytinyağı, soframıza çeşitli işlemler görerek gelir. Günümüzde el değmeden modern makinelerde işlem gören zeytinyağı, daha eski zamanlarda ise el işçiliği ile üretilmekteydi. Zeytin ağacının hasat dönemi olan sonbahar – kış mevsimlerinde toplanan ürünler, modern çalışma prensibine dayanan fabrikalarda biriktirilir.
Bu aşamaya kadar yine el işçiliği bulunurken, bundan sonra iş makinelere kalmaktadır. İlk işlem olarak zeytin, tozundan toprağından arındırılsın diye yıkanır ve ayıklanır.
Temizlenen zeytinler, bir bant aracılığı ile fabrikanın içine taşınır ve kırıcı dediğimiz aletlerle hamur haline getirilir. Daha sonra dev kazanlarda uzunca bir süre (1 saat kadar) karma işlemi görür. Bu işlem sırasında hamur haline gelen zeytinden meydana gelen yağlar,yüzeyde birikmeye başlar. Yeteri kadar karılan zeytinler buradan dekantör denilen ayrıştırma makinesine geçer ve burada pirina da denilen posası ile yağ birbirinden temiz bir şekilde ayrılır. Tamamen saf bir şekilde posasından ayrılan yağ, daha sonra uygun ısıda rafine edilerek makine işlemini tamamlamış olur.
En son olarak zeytinyağlarının asitlerine göre, kalite sınıflandırması yapılır. Zeytin ağacının bulunduğu toprak özelliklerine göre, yağış rejimine göre, toplanış şekillerine göre, gübreleme ve kullanılan tarım aletleri gibi birçok faktör zeytinyağının asidi üzerinde etkilidir. Asidi düşük olan zeytinyağı boğazımızı biraz yakar; ama vitamin ve mineral bakımından en zengin olan yağlardır.
Asit oranı 1’in altında olan yağlar soframıza en kaliteli yağlar olarak gelir. Bu yağlara “dizyem” adı verilir. Asit oranı arttıkça kalite oranı düşer. Asitlerine göre belli bir düzende yağlar depolandıktan sonra, çeşitli şekilde ambalajlanıp raftaki yerlerini alır.