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Sizin Gaziantep Gaziantep Yemenicilik-Köşgercilik 02 Temmuz 2019 17:00
Yemenicilik, üstü cilt, altı kösele veya gön olan hafif ve topuksuz bir ayak elbisesinin usta ellerde yapımcılığıdır. Yemeniciliğe “köşgercilik”, yemeni dikenlere “köşger” de denilmektedir. Yemeni ilk kez Yemen’de Yemen-i Ekber isimli biri tarafından yapıldığı için bu isimi almış, buradan Halep’e oradan Türkiye’nin Gaziantep, Kahramanmaraş ve Kilis şehirlerine dağılmıştır. Yemeninin takriben altı-yedi asırlık bir tarihi olduğu düşünülmektedir. Yemeni yapımında alt tabanda manda ve sığır, yüzde keçi, iç astarda koyun, iç tabanda sığır veya keçi, kenarında ise oğlak derisi kullanılır. Yemeni taban ve saya isimi verilen yüz olmak üzere iki parçadan oluşur. Önce kalıp, kösele üzerine konularak çizilir ve teber ile kesilir. Sonra yüz dikilir ve kalıba gerilir, bakır çivi ile çivilenir. Hazırlanan yüze ve taban köselesine yapıştırıcı sürülür, sağlam yapışması için çekiç ile dövülür. Yemeninin yapımında, ipliğin çürümemesi ve yemininin su almaması için mumlanmış pamuk ipliği kullanılır. Dikime hazır hale gelen yemeni kalıptan çıkarılıp kenar dikişi çekilir. Yemeni yapımında geçmişte daha çok siyah deri kullanılmıştır. Son zamanlarda tabii boyayla renklendirilmiş derilerin kullanımı ile çeşitli renklerde yemeniler üretilmektedir. Bilhassa kadın yemenilerinde daha çok kırmızı ve gülkurusu kullanımı yaygındır. Kadın yemenilerinin yüzü genelde üç parçalıdır ve isteğe göre dikiş ile süslenir. Ayrı olarak kadın yemenilerine üç-dört parça kösele topuk yapılırken erkek yemenilerinden bazılarına tek parça kösele ökçe yapılır. Yemenilerin yaygın olarak kullanıldığı dönemlerde kimi şehirlerde yemenici çarşılarının kurulması, bu meslek kolunun sokaklara ismini vermesi, yemeniciliğin ekonomik ve kültürel istikametten ehemmiyetini ortaya koymaktadır. Geçmişte Anadolu’nun hemen her bölgesinde üretilen ve ortak yapım özellikleri gösteren ananesel ayakkabı yapımcılığında olduğu gibi yemenicilik de makineleşmenin tesiriyle son zamanlarda ancak bir kaç şehirde az sayıda yapımcı sayesinde sürdürülmektedir.